U.S. citizenship requirements in 2026
The main naturalization eligibility rules for lawful permanent residents, including residence, physical presence, English, civics, and early filing.
Before you file Form N-400, make sure you meet the basic naturalization requirements. Here is a plain-language summary of the main rules USCIS looks at.
General requirements
1. You must be at least 18 years old
Applicants for naturalization through Form N-400 must generally be adults.
2. You must be a lawful permanent resident
In other words, you need to have a valid Green Card.
3. You must meet the residence-time rule
The most common path is five years as a permanent resident. Some applicants married to U.S. citizens may qualify after three years.
4. You must show continuous residence
USCIS wants to see that you maintained your residence in the United States during the required period.
5. You must show physical presence
That usually means you were physically inside the United States for at least half of the required five-year or three-year period.
6. You must have lived in your state or USCIS district long enough
Most applicants need at least three months of residence in the place where they file.
7. You must show good moral character
USCIS reviews issues like arrests, unpaid taxes, false claims, or failure to support dependents.
8. You must pass English and civics requirements unless you qualify for an exception
Some older applicants may qualify for the 50/20, 55/15, or 65/20 exceptions.
9. You must be willing to support the U.S. Constitution
This is part of the Oath of Allegiance at the naturalization ceremony.
Can I file before I reach five years?
Often yes. USCIS allows many applicants to file up to 90 days early before reaching the required permanent-resident anniversary date.
When should I slow down and get legal advice?
It is smart to talk to a qualified immigration lawyer or nonprofit legal service if you have:
- Long trips outside the United States
- Arrests or criminal charges
- Unpaid taxes
- Prior immigration issues
- Separation or divorce in a marriage-based case
Official eligibility tools
If you already meet the requirements, use the waiting time wisely. Download CiudadanoUSA to start practicing civics, English, and interview questions right away.